Belonging Perception and St Patrick Essay - 906 Words

Explore how perceptions of belonging and not belonging can be influenced by connections to places. In your response, refer to your prescribed text and at least one other related text of your own choosing. â€Å"Home is where the heart is† was quoted by Pliny the Elder and is now used to signify a personal connection to a place and the personal sense of belonging received when at this place. Perceptions are influenced by connections to places and sometimes made by connections and disconnections to places. Looking at Peter Skrzynecki’s poem†10 Mary Street† and â€Å"St Patrick’s Day† that are part of the â€Å"Immigrant Chronicles† and contrasting them you look upon how the perception of belonging and not belonging is inextricably linked and is†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"We departed each morning; shut the house like a well-oiled lock.† This simile shows a familiar routine that shows stability and a feeling of belonging in a place. They lock the family home as it is a place that brings them together. His connection to this place explores how perceptions are influenced by places in terms of belonging and not belonging. In â€Å"Unsung Ordinary Men† Max Butler spent over three years in horrific prisoner of war camps. These places he spent three years of his life and his connection to these places like the Thai-Burma Railway Camp influences the perception of not belonging. â€Å"Some have never fired or held a rifle†¦it was the same sense of shock spreading through them all.† In literal sense Max Butler his connection to this place perceives our perception of not belonging as his choice of language perceives the implication that he does not belong. Max’s connection to this place influenced a perception of not belonging. Connections to places often influence whether perceptions are of belonging or not belonging. World War One for Max Butler was perceived as not belonging at this stage. This text also deals with the perception of belonging being influenced by place. The use of language is used in this text is important on how perceptions of belonging and not belonging is inf luenced by connections to places. â€Å"St Patrick’s Day† is a poem related to the Roman Catholic school in Sydney called StShow MoreRelatedHsc Belonging -Peter Skrzynecki Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesPeople’s perceptions of belonging can change over time, but this isn’t the case for all. When people experience moments of crisis in their lives they sometimes force a change within themselves and that is what helps them find an individual sense of belonging. This is highlighted in many texts and even composers life works. Texts that support this statement include Peter Skrzynecki’s Immigrant Chronicle poems, of which I have chosen St Patricks College and Feliks Skrzynecki. Skrzynecki’s poetry expressesRead MoreDifferent People Have Different Perceptions of Belonging Speech2039 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Different people have different perceptions of belonging† speech Bridgette Ferrier Good morning year 12 and thankyou for coming. Today I am here to discuss with you how â€Å"different people have different perceptions of belonging† through the analysis of Peter Skrzynecki’s poems ‘Feliks Skrzynecki’ and ‘St Patrick’s College’. As well as my own related texts, My place Episode 2. So what is belonging? Well perceptions and ideas of belonging or not belonging vary. These perceptions are shaped within personalRead MorePerception of Belonging2009 Words   |  9 PagesAn individual’s perceptions of belonging evolve in response to the passage of time and interaction with their world. In what ways is this view of belonging represented in your prescribed text and at least ONE other related text of your own choosing? – Moria Perenise An individual’s perceptions of belonging evolve in response to the passage of time and interaction with their world. In today’s society we are known for adopting the latest trends when seen, trying to fit in by changing our identitiesRead MoreThe Blind Side Synthesised with Peter Skyznecki Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Lee Hancock’s â€Å"The Blind Side† explores a diverse range of aspects and notions of belonging through the techniques presented in the text. The characterization of the central character Michael Ohers being a big illiterate black African American teenager coming from a broken home and family sets the context for the rest of the film where he is faced with many barriers restricting his comfort and pushing him towards his total disengagement from the â€Å"White† Society. After the Touhy’s accept MichaelRead MoreThe Boy in the Striped Pyjamas1558 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"More than anything else, belonging is about fi nding a sense of our own place in the world† The book tells a story seen through the innocent eyes of an 8 year old boy, Bruno, who is unsure of his place in the world. The most evident concept of belonging is his hitch in his transition from childhood to adulthood. Throughout the book, he faces the conflict between accepting the harsh Jew-killing reality of the world or stay immersed in his fantastical world filled with adventure. Bruno also feelsRead More Colonialism and Imperialism - A Post-colonial Study of Heart of Darkness3270 Words   |  14 Pagesimage of the Other.  Ã‚   Said questions the assumptions at the base of the texts in order to question the ideology behind those texts, because ideology, woven into a language, works to impose unified, consensual meaning on disparate experiences and perceptions in order to define the difference of the Other as deviation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marlow’s first impression about black natives during the Congo journey is something very strange: â€Å"They shouted, sang; their bodies streamed with perspiration; they had facesRead MoreTransitions And Development Of Transition2202 Words   |  9 Pageschildhood educators can make some individual routines for the child in transition according to his/her home routines. On the other hand, a trusting and warm relationship between educators and parents helps children gain sense of security and sense of belonging in the educational settings because children are more easily to build this sort of relationship with the educators if their parents do so. ï‚ ·Between different settings Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system model not only emphasizes the relationshipRead MoreEssay about Compare and Contrast Leadership Theories9999 Words   |  40 Pagesleadership) espouses that leadership is created through the emergence of information by the leader or other stakeholders, not through the true actions of the leader himself. In other words, the reproduction of information or stories form the basis of the perception of leadership by the majority. It is well known that the great naval hero Lord Nelson often wrote his own versions of battles he was involved in, so that when he arrived home in England he would receive a true heros welcome. In modern society,Read MoreBlack Naturalism and Toni Morrison: the Journey Away from Self-Love in the Bluest Eye8144 Words   |  33 Pagessuch as Norris, Crane and Drieser, the dissolution of man s conception of order was a reaction to Darwin s theory of evolution and the questions it raised concerning the existence of an ordered universe created by a benevolent God. This new perception of the world as indifferent and amoral created a psychological conflict between the self and nature, dramatized by Vandover s eventual insanity in Norris s naturalistic novel Vandover and the Brute. Intellectuals of the late nineteenth centuryRead MoreBoutique hotel Essay7085 Words   |  29 Pageshotels These properties are all about excessive indulgence. Visitors are looking for a refined lodging experience to reflect the unique lifestyle of the wealthy (Boutique and Lifestyle Lodging Association, n.d.). Large fashion houses such as Yves St. Laurent, Versace, Gucci and Armani have diversified their brands’ revenue streams into boutique hotels (Hennessey, 2000). For instance, the philosophy of design for Armani Hotels Resorts first and foremost mentions offering the intimate and

Person Centered Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy...

Carl Roger’s believed that everyone is inherently good. Therefore, even the vilest of people would be included. Some disputes have been made among behavior theorists that because the theory lacks structure, it is not as effective in treating illness. However, it is one of the main theories utilized by therapists today. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is another popular theory that is used. It emphasizes the present and fixing cognitive distortions that clients may have. However, it too received some arguments against it, such as; treating symptoms and not the underlying cause of an illness. The theories that will be discussed are Carl Roger’s theory of Person Centered Therapy, Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and how they would†¦show more content†¦He also believed that the need for defense mechanisms stems from childhood (Rogers, 1962). Children are taught conditional positive regard. When parents need to correct a child’s behavior, love is usually withheld. They are taught to hide faults and weaknesses rather than accepting them. However, through unconditional positive regard individuals may know that they are loved unconditionally. â€Å"By acceptance I mean a warm regard for him as a person of unconditional self- worth- of value no matter what his condition, his behavior, or his feelings (Rogers, 1961).† Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) addresses maladaptive thinking and feelings in individuals. It was originally developed to treat depression and anxiety but is now used for many different disorders. It is a very effective type of therapy because it is time limited. The amount of sessions is usually between four and fourteen. CBT focuses on schemas or core beliefs which are usually negative thoughts like â€Å"I’m worthless† or â€Å"I’m not loveable† (Beck, 1970). In order to treat cognitive distortions the negative thoughts need to be addressed. First, the individual needs to â€Å"recognize idiosyncratic cognitions†. Next, they will need to â€Å"distance† themselves in order to be objective. Lastly, they may â€Å"correct cognitive distortions and deficiencies† by identifying what type of faulty thinking they may engage in The different types of faulty thinking are; arbitrary inference,Show MoreRelatedCognitive Behavioral Therapy Treatment For Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive behavioral therapy treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders describes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as an acute stress disorder (2013). Individuals that experience this disorder are exposed to or have had an experience of near death or bodily harm (American Psychiatric Association. 2013). Evidence based therapy that has shown positive outcomes in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) which is based on changing behaviorRead MoreTrauma- Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: an Effective Treatment Modality for Children and Adolescents Who Have Experienced Traumatic Incidents1687 Words   |  7 PagesTrauma- Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Effective treatment modality for children and Adolescents who have experienced traumatic incidents * What is TF-CBT and What is it Best Suited for: Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) was developed by psychologists J.A. Cohen and, Mannarino, Knudset and Sharon. TF-CBT has been developed for those who have experienced psychological trauma, often on a great scale of magnitude. It is important to define trauma; â€Å"There areRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Therapy1729 Words   |  7 PagesAbnormal Psychology and Therapy Paper (NAME HERE) PSY 300 July 2, 2010 Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Upon researching what the word psychology means many definitions may be found. However, once all those definitions have been deciphered you will find that psychology is the study of an individual’s mental and emotional state and thought processes. The intention of therapy within psychology is to diagnose, treat, and in time help individuals improve from whatever psychological infirmityRead MoreEssay On Ptsd1358 Words   |  6 PagesFor this assignment, I have chosen to create a mock session for a person who is expressing symptoms of PTSD. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) is a mental health problem which some develop after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying incident. Flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event are just a few of the symptoms occurring in those suffering from PTSD. These symptoms go away for most individuals;Read MoreCurrent Treatment Of Conditions Case Stu dy704 Words   |  3 PagesRehabilitation Counseling: Basics and beyond, by Parker and Patterson, there is an entire chapter dedicated to counseling theories. A few therapies mentioned throughout Chapter 5, Counseling Theories, entail: Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy, Person Centered Counseling, and Cognitive Therapy. Rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) is an evidence based therapy in which assists an individual to change their thinking from irrational to rational using the A-B-C model (Parker Patterson, 2012)Read MoreContrasting Psycodynamic, Cognitive Behavioral and Person-Centered Counseling Theories1732 Words   |  7 PagesCounseling is a process that enables a person to sort out issues and reach decisions affecting their life. Often counseling is sought out at times of change or crisis, it need not be so, however, as counseling can also help us at any time of our life† (Woods, 2005). Counseling theories are used by counselors as part of their treatment plan for clients. There are many types of theories that counselors can choose from. These theories are usually hosen based on the client needs and what the counselorRead MoreDialectical Behavior Therapy : An Evidence Based Treatment For Borderline Personality Disorder1141 Words   |  5 PagesDialectical behavior thera py (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) and PTSD (Cukor, 2009). The therapy focuses on a balance between change and acceptance. DBT is combined with individual psychotherapy and building skills groups to regulate emotion, mindfulness and distress tolerance. There are two stages associated with DBT. The first entails the use of DBT for individuals with BPD with significant trauma histories and PTSD (Welch Rothbaum, 2007). PatientsRead MoreHow Cognitive Behavior Therapy ( Cbt ) Is Effective Approach For Clients With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd Essay1769 Words   |  8 PagesDisorders and Treatment Introduction For this assignment, I will examine how cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is effective approach for clients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is defined as a mental health condition that is triggered by exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violation, (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It is natural to feel afraid during and after a distressing experience and most people can recover afterRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1952 Words   |  8 PagesPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Charles L. Lawton General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my listeners about the truth about PTSD INTRODUCTION I. Attention getter It is common knowledge that, it is normal for humans to feel terror and to also be cautious in a perilous period or event. This normal social response is known as â€Å"fight-or-flight† response, it is a healthy reaction a person has that protects them from harm. When a person has Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Adults2737 Words   |  11 Pages Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Adults UIN: XXXXXXXXX Psychology 270, Fall/2013 – Instructor Professor K. Reyes University of Illinois at Chicago â€Æ' Introduction In everyday life, it is inevitable that an individual will experience some form of stress. This stress may come in the form of daily hassles, inconveniences and major life events such as divorce or the loss of a loved one. When stress becomes traumatic, the individual is at a great risk of developing a stress disorder. According

The Bronte Sisters Free Essays

Three children sit in a circle playing with wooden toy soldiers. The world these children play in is not Earth, but worlds of their own creating. The children in this circle will grow up to be some of the best eighteenth century writers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bronte Sisters or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is no surprise that as a child Emily Bronte and her siblings had active imaginations. They created the worlds of Gondal, Emily and Anne’s creation; and Angria, Charlotte’s creation (White 12). The world does not know much about Emily Bronte except what can be concluded from Charlotte Bronte’s autobiography (Winnitrith 111). She was born July 30, 1818 in Yorkshire, England. At the young age of thirty, Emily developed tuberculosis and died on December 19, 1848 (Magill 56). Her potential had yet to be reached. C. D. Merriman from The Literature Network said, â€Å"Many early works from her past were lost – only 3 personal letters exist from her possessions. † Emily was influenced by many people including her mother and father. Her father, Reverend Patrick Bronte, was a school teacher (Magill 56). Patrick Bronte had a humble beginning; he went to Cambridge University and worked in order to pay for his stay. Her father was looked down upon for being middle class in a high-class school. Emily’s stories feature a strong value of education and deal with injustices of society, which is believed to have originated from her father’s troubles. (White 8) â€Å"Emily’s mother, Maria Bronte died from internal cancer when Emily was only three,† according to The Victorian Web (Allingham). Kathryn White said, â€Å"The Bronte children felt the loss of their mother keenly, for though they never really remembered her. Her absence in their lives is reflected in the number of orphaned and motherless children who were featured in their early writings and novels. †(21) Despite the fact Emily never knew her mother; she characterized Catherine Earnshaw as having a similar sentiment about being more attached to the earth than to Heaven. (White 19). In November 1824, Patrick Bronte felt that his daughters needed a proper education so he sent his girls to Clergy’s Daughters’ School at Cowan Bridge. This school was rigid, had poor hygiene, and lack of a good diet. He withdrew his girls after Maria and Elizabeth died from inadequate care. Although Emily had a poor experience at school, education became an escape route in many of Emily’s writings (White 5-25). Emily, Charlotte, Anne, and Branwell grew up in Haworth. They didn’t have many neighbors so they had to be content playing with each other and the wooden soldiers their father brought back from a trip (Magill 56). Charlotte and her brother, Branwell created the world of Angria. Emily and Anne Bronte created the world of Gondal. Traces of Gondal have been found throughout Emily’s poems (White 6-34). Philip Allingham reports that Emily’s favorite activities were reading and playing the piano. The Victorian Web states her favorite authors were: Shakespeare, Homer, Virgil, and Aesop. As Emily grew up she worked as a governess in Halifax, Yorkshire. She intensely disliked the experience. She planned with Anne and Charlotte to begin a school for themselves. This dream was never realized because the girls became involved in writing. Barring the fact that Emily Bronte was a private author, her sister Charlotte convinced her to join her and Anne to make a book of poems. Together they made Poems by Currer Ellis and Acton in 1846 (White 38). As an editor, C. W. Hatfield went through Emily’s poems trying to interpret them. The problems arise when trying to figure out the differences between her subjective statements. In addition, the authorship and date is uncertain as well (Winnitrith 33). Poems by Currer Ellise and Acton didn’t get much press, but got two favorable reviews from Athenaeum and Dublin University Magazine (Wilks 111). Philip Allingham writes, â€Å"Emily and her sisters took over pseudonyms to hide their gender because of the many prejudices against women authors. The failure of their poems did not dishearten the girls; it made them write even more which lead Emily to write her best novel, Wuthering Heights. † It is assumed the Wuthering Heights was written in 1846 because of the absence of poetry Emily wrote, yet the length of the novel suggests she started writing even earlier than that. The information that we have about the composition of Wuthering Heights is up to debate because it is in Charlotte’s interpretation and she could have been sensitive about Emily’s choice to go on her own (Winnitrith 47). After the publication of Wuthering Heights in 1847 the public thought it was mimicry of Charlotte’s work. The public was intensely disturbed by the contents and Emily was a cipher to the public (Magill 56-59). â€Å"Emily’s brother, Branwell went through depression and many alcohol induced rages. As a result, he died in 1848, and at his funeral Emily caught a cold and developed tuberculosis,† as said by C. D. Merriman from The Literature Network. Emily did not receive professional care and refused to stay in bed to get well. She died at Haworth in December 19, 1848 (White 75). When Emily Bronte was young she played with toy soldiers in the world named Gondal with her siblings. Today she is known as one of the famed Bronte sisters that created desolate Wuthering Heights. Though much is unknown about her, we can try to uncover the mysteries through her writings. How to cite The Bronte Sisters, Essay examples

Historical Perspectives of the Diagnosis of Hypertension

Question: Discuss about theHistorical Perspectives of the Diagnosis of Hypertension. Answer: Introduction: According to Cause (1994), hypertension is most commonly regarded as high blood pressure. It is a long term clinical condition which involves the pressure of the blood in the arteries gets elevated Burt et al. (1995). Although hypertension does not generally show any remarkable symptoms, long term hypertension can evolve the risk factors such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, loss of vision and chronic kidney failure. There are several factors that increases the risk of hypertension such as smoking, high salt intake, excess body weight and alcohol. It may also occur because of consumption of birth pills, kidney or endocrine diseases (Jeunemaitre et al., 1992). As discussed by Calhoun et al. (2008), hypertensions are of two types based on the cause and these primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. The two journals selected for the comparison states that the primary hypertension is due to the complex interaction between the genetic and environmental factors Burt et al. (1995). Both the journals focus mainly on the secondary hypertensions which are hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, obesity, pregnancy and excessive liquor consumption. As stated by Ong et al. (2007), the pathophsiology of hypertension can be described as the increased peripheral resistance to blood flow results in high pressure (Jeunemaitre et al., 1992). Evidences revealed the fact that in some young individuals associated with pre-hypertension has elevated cardiac output and heart rate and the term coined for this condition is known as hyperkinetic borderline hypertension Burt et al. (1995). Addition to this, in older people it has been observed that pulse rate gets elevated. The mechanism behind the increase in the peripheral resistance may be either due to disturbance in the salt and water handling renal process or deformities in the sympathetic nervous system (Calhoun et al. 2008). According to Burt et al. (1995), the basis of diagnosis of hypertension is the persistent high blood pressure. The past diagnosis and treatment could reduce the risks associated with hypertension but could not eliminate certain complications linked to this condition. There has been a huge advancement in the diagnosis and treatment process of hypertension. As discussed by Burt et al. (1995), the most common instrument of measuring blood pressure is sphygmomanometer that includes stethoscope, arm cuff, pump, dial and valve. The treatment process of hypertension or high blood pressure includes medications such as diuretics, beta blockers, angiotensin and also diet and lifestyle. This report will highlight the pathophysiology, causes, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. In addition to the report will also analyze and discuss the difference in diagnosis mode of the past and the present based on two articles. Analysis and Discussion: According to Wilkening (1999), hypertension is one of the major reasons for the visits to the physicians in United States. Despite of the fact that in the 1972, National High Pressure Education Program was established in order to elevate the awareness, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this condition, this medical condition persists as one of the major community health problem(Johnson et al. 2003). As stated in the Hackam et al. (2013), hypertension impacts on almost 19.7% Canadian adults every year. The CHEP recommendations aims at public care based on the most advanced diagnosis and treatment (Jeunemaitre et al., 1992). The recommendations are based on the various studies related to detection, prevention and improved management of hypertension in Canada (Jeunemaitre et al., 1992). As discussed by Wilkening (1999), the management of hypertension should be based on several factors such as patient with or without diabetes, or the patient have a target organ damage or any other clinical cardiac diseases (Sowers et al. 2001). Based on such factors the management should aim to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this clinical condition. However, in the contemporary world views have changed based on the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. As discussed by Hackam et al. (2013), antihypertensive agents should be considered while proceeding with the diagnosis process. The diagnosis process in the current treatment of hypertension also involves patient and community education which has been developed by the healthcare professionals (Weisstuch et al. 1992). In the past the usual tools used was manometers. As discussed by Weisstuch et al. (1992), out of all the different types of manometers used mercury and aneroid manometer was used in workplaces. Since the electronic devices were not accurate expect for the twenty four hour ambulatory monitoring automated devices which must have been calibrated Hackam et al. (2013). The aneroid manometers used previously for the diagnosis of blood pressure for detection of hypertension were not accurate as compared to the mercury manometers. Such devices required recalibration whenever the readings used to differ by more than 3mm Hg (Wilkening 1999). According to Hackam et al. (2013), in the recent diagnosis process Automated office BP measurement machine is used. This automated tool is usually handled by the trained healthcare professionals in order to measure the blood pressure as well as monitor the antihypertensive treatment. With the use of the automated tool the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP), can be measured. For example, as per CHEP, if the SBP is more than equal to 140mm Hg or DBP is more than equal to 90mm Hg then a specific physician should be visited for the assessment of hypertension. Whereas, if SBP is between 130-139 mm Hg or DBP is between 85-89 mm Hg and annual follow-up is recommended. Moreover, using home BP monitoring (HBPM), an individual can diagnose the hypersensitivity by checking the blood pressure at home (Hackam et al., 2013). As discussed by Wilkening (1999) The diagnosis process of hypertension was based on the average of any two or more than two readings detected by the tool that was made on at least two more visits after first screening process (Hackam et al., 2013). In order to take the most accurate reading with those tools it was important to control any sort of external influences or biological determinants which might have caused unpredictability in BP (Jeunemaitre et al., 1992). These determinants involved were room stress, pain, temperature, caffeine, a full bladder (which can raise BP by 10 mm Hg [7]), and prescription and OTC drugs. Once the blood pressure was measured and a medical history is obtained, physical examination along with other necessary diagnostic procedures used to be followed to detect hypertension (Wilkening 1999). The hypertension diagnosis was focused on few observations as observed. Hypertension without any compelling symptoms or indications, diabetes related hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hypertension linked with chronic kidney disorder and other conditions such as dyslipidemia (Wilkening 1999). The main focus of the current diagnosis procedure home based diagnosis and detection of other organ failure that can be responsible for the development of hypertension (Hackam et al., 2013). Moreover, in the current clinical practice public and patient education related to the cause, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension is also a trend in the cure practice. With time the cost has also been reduced (Hackam et al., 2013). By following risk management, change in lifestyle which is recommended for each and every patient with hypertension (Wilkening 1999). A huge number of resources are obtainable to assist physicians hold up patient lifestyle modifications and self-management which can help in managing blood pressure. Previously the tools used for measuring blood pressure were not accurate and was full of errors. But with the advancement such errors were removed. New techniques have eliminated certain risks linked with this condition (Hackam et al., 2013). Conclusion: Hypertension is one of the medical conditions that do not reflect many symptoms to be diagnosed. Thus, it is important to diagnose the disease well and properly in order to plan for a clinical treatment. The diagnosis and the treatment plan differ in terms of past and current healthcare system. It has been observed that with the development in the technological aspect there has been progress in terms of tools and the various procedures. In this report two journals have been selected to compare the advancement in the diagnosis process. Both the journals focus mainly on the secondary hypertensions which are hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, obesity, pregnancy and excessive liquor consumption. The pathophsiology of hypertension can be described as the increased peripheral resistance to blood flow results in high pressure (Jeunemaitre et al., 1992). Once suitable blood pressure measurement has corroborated a diagnosis of hypertension, medical assessment and schedule laboratory examination can stratify the risk of patient by recognizing any linked situations or hypertension-induced target organ damage. Thus, it can be concluded with the advancement in the diagnosis and treatment procedure the risk factor which are associated with hypertension or that can cause hypertension can be reduced. References: Burt, V.L., Cutler, J.A., Higgins, M., Horan, M.J., Labarthe, D., Whelton, P., Brown, C. and Roccella, E.J., 1995. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the adult US population data from the health examination surveys, 1960 to 1991.Hypertension,26(1), pp.60-69. Burt, V.L., Whelton, P., Roccella, E.J., Brown, C., Cutler, J.A., Higgins, M., Horan, M.J. and Labarthe, D., 1995. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991.Hypertension,25(3), pp.305-313. Calhoun, D.A., Jones, D., Textor, S., Goff, D.C., Murphy, T.P., Toto, R.D., White, A., Cushman, W.C., White, W., Sica, D. and Ferdinand, K., 2008. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research.Hypertension,51(6), pp.1403-1419. Cause, H.D.H., 1994. Pathophysiology and management of hypertension in acute ischemic stroke. Hackam, D.G., Quinn, R.R., Ravani, P., Rabi, D.M., Dasgupta, K., Daskalopoulou, S.S., Khan, N.A., Herman, R.J., Bacon, S.L., Cloutier, L. and Dawes, M., 2013. The 2013 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension.Canadian Journal of Cardiology,29(5), pp.528-542. Jeunemaitre, X., Soubrier, F., Kotelevtsev, Y.V., Lifton, R.P., Williams, C.S., Charru, A., Hunt, S.C., Hopkins, P.N., Williams, R.R., Lalouel, J.M. and Corvol, P., 1992. Molecular basis of human hypertension: role of angiotensinogen.Cell,71(1), pp.169-180. Johnson, R.J., Kang, D.H., Feig, D., Kivlighn, S., Kanellis, J., Watanabe, S., Tuttle, K.R., Rodriguez-Iturbe, B., Herrera-Acosta, J. and Mazzali, M., 2003. Is there a pathogenetic role for uric acid in hypertension and cardiovascular and renal disease?.Hypertension,41(6), pp.1183-1190. Ong, K.L., Cheung, B.M., Man, Y.B., Lau, C.P. and Lam, K.S., 2007. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 19992004.Hypertension,49(1), pp.69-75. Sowers, J.R., Epstein, M. and Frohlich, E.D., 2001. Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease an update.Hypertension,37(4), pp.1053-1059. Weisstuch, J.M. and Dworkin, L.D., 1992. Does essential hypertension cause end-stage renal disease?.Kidney International Supplement, (36). Wilkening, B., 1999. Making an accurate diagnosis of hypertension.JAAPA-Journal of the American Academy of Physicians Assistants,12(10), pp.78-78.